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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Art
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INFOTEXT
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1992-09-02
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in the broadest sense, all the processes and
products of human skill, imagination, and
invention; the opposite of nature. In
contemporary usage, definitions of art
usually reflect esthetic criteria, and the
term may encompass literature, music, drama,
painting, and sculpture. Popularly, the term
is most commonly used to refer to the visual
arts. In Western culture, esthetic criteria
introduced by the ancient Greeks still
influence our perceptions and judgments of
art.
Two currents of thought run through our ideas
about art. In one, derived from Aristotle,
art is concerned with mimesis (`imitation`),
the representation of appearances, and gives
pleasure through the accuracy and skill with
which it depicts the real world. The other
view, derived from Plato, holds that the
artist is inspired by the Muses (or by God,
or by the inner impulses, or by the
collective unconscious) to express that which
is beyond appearances - inner feelings,
eternal truths, or the essence of the age. In
the Middle Ages the term art was used,
chiefly in the plural, to signify a branch of
learning which was regarded as an instrument
of knowledge. The seven liberal arts
consisted of the trivium, that is grammar,
logic, and rhetoric, and the quadrivium, that
is arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy. In the visual arts of Western
civilizations, painting and sculpture have
been the dominant forms for many centuries.
This has not always been the case in other
cultures.